Learning English or French in Canada: Free Language Programs for Newcomers
Discover free government-funded language training programs in Canada, including LINC and CLIC, online resources, conversation circles, and tips for improving your English or French skills.
Why Language Skills Are Critical for Settlement
Language is the foundation of a successful life in Canada. Whether you need to communicate with your employer, navigate healthcare, help your children with homework, or simply have a conversation at the grocery store, your ability to speak English or French directly affects every aspect of your settlement experience.
Canada is an officially bilingual country with two official languages: English and French. English is the dominant language in most provinces, while French is the primary language in Quebec and is widely spoken in New Brunswick, parts of Ontario, and Manitoba.
The good news is that the Government of Canada provides free language training to eligible newcomers through several well-established programs. These programs are specifically designed for adult immigrants and cover everything from beginner-level basics to advanced professional language skills.
For an overview of language training programs, visit https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/new-immigrants/new-life-canada/improve-english-french.html.
LINC: Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada
LINC is the federal government's primary free English language training program for adult newcomers. It is available in every province and territory except Quebec, which operates its own French-language program (CLIC).
Who Is Eligible
LINC is available to adult permanent residents and protected persons (convention refugees and persons in need of protection). You must be 18 years of age or older. Canadian citizens and temporary residents (on work permits or study permits) are generally not eligible for LINC, though some provinces offer alternative programs for these groups.
What LINC Offers
LINC classes cover all four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Classes are organized by Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) levels, which range from CLB 1 (beginner) to CLB 8 (advanced). Most LINC programs offer classes up to CLB 7 or 8.
Classes are available in various formats to suit different schedules. Full-time classes typically run Monday to Friday for several hours per day. Part-time classes may run two or three times per week, often in the evening. Online classes allow you to learn from home with a live instructor and classmates. Flexible LINC programs offer a combination of in-person and online learning.
Many LINC programs also offer free childcare (care for children while you attend class), making it possible for parents of young children to attend.
How to Enrol
To enrol in LINC, you must first complete a language assessment at a designated assessment centre. The assessment is free and determines your current CLB level, which is used to place you in the appropriate class.
To find an assessment centre or LINC program near you, visit https://ircc.canada.ca/english/newcomers/services/index.asp and search for language training services in your city.
Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB)
The CLB is the national standard for measuring English language ability in Canada. It is used by LINC programs, employers, and immigration authorities. The levels are grouped into three stages.
Stage I -- Basic (CLB 1-4): You can handle simple everyday communication, understand short and simple texts, and write basic personal information.
Stage II -- Intermediate (CLB 5-8): You can participate in conversations on familiar topics, understand moderately complex texts, and write paragraphs and short essays.
Stage III -- Advanced (CLB 9-12): You can communicate fluently in most situations, understand complex texts, and write detailed reports or essays.
Most entry-level jobs in Canada require approximately CLB 4-5, while professional positions typically require CLB 7 or higher. For more on CLB levels, visit https://www.language.ca/ (Centre for Canadian Language Benchmarks).
CLIC: Cours de langue pour les immigrants au Canada
CLIC is the French-language equivalent of LINC, available in Quebec and in francophone communities outside Quebec. Like LINC, it is free for eligible adult permanent residents and protected persons.
CLIC in Quebec
In Quebec, French language training for newcomers is administered by the provincial government through the Ministere de l'Immigration, de la Francisation et de l'Integration (MIFI). The program is called francisation, and it goes beyond what LINC offers in other provinces.
Full-time francisation: Quebec offers full-time French classes (approximately 25 hours per week) with a financial allowance to help cover living expenses while you study. This allowance is a unique feature that allows newcomers to focus on learning French without worrying about lost income.
Part-time francisation: Part-time classes are also available for those who are working or have other commitments.
Online francisation: Online French courses are available for newcomers who prefer to learn from home.
For Quebec's francisation program, visit https://www.quebec.ca/en/education/learn-french.
CLIC Outside Quebec
French-language training is also available in francophone communities across Canada through settlement agencies. These classes follow the same CLB-based system as LINC but teach in French. Contact your local settlement agency or search for French language training at https://ircc.canada.ca/english/newcomers/services/index.asp.
Enhanced Language Training (ELT)
For newcomers who already have intermediate or advanced English or French skills and need to develop language abilities specific to their profession, Enhanced Language Training programs provide workplace-focused language instruction.
ELT programs combine language training with occupation-specific vocabulary, Canadian workplace communication skills, mentoring by Canadian professionals, and job search support. These programs are available in many cities for professions including healthcare, engineering, business, IT, and more.
ELT programs are funded by IRCC and are free for eligible permanent residents and protected persons. Search for ELT programs at https://ircc.canada.ca/english/newcomers/services/index.asp.
Language Training for Those Not Eligible for LINC
If you are not eligible for LINC (for example, if you are a Canadian citizen, a temporary resident, or have surpassed CLB 8), several other options are available.
Provincial Programs
Many provinces fund their own language training programs that may have broader eligibility criteria than LINC.
Ontario: The Ontario Bridge Training Program and provincially funded ESL programs serve a wider range of learners, including Canadian citizens. Visit https://www.ontario.ca/page/english-second-language-programs.
British Columbia: ELSA (English Language Services for Adults) is BC's provincially funded English training program. Visit https://www.welcomebc.ca/Start-Your-Life-in-B-C/Daily-Life/Learning-English.
Alberta: Language training programs are available through Alberta's settlement services. Visit https://www.alberta.ca/language-training.aspx.
Community Programs
Many community organizations, libraries, and settlement agencies offer free or low-cost language programs that are open to everyone, regardless of immigration status. These often include conversation circles (informal group discussions where you practice speaking), literacy programs (for those who need to develop reading and writing skills), and pronunciation workshops.
College and University Programs
Many Canadian colleges and universities offer ESL or FSL programs. These are typically not free but provide intensive, structured language instruction that can lead to academic admission.
Online Resources
Several free online platforms can supplement your language learning.
IRCC's free online language courses: The federal government offers free online language assessment and learning tools. Visit https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/new-immigrants/new-life-canada/improve-english-french/classes.html.
Library resources: Most Canadian public libraries offer free access to language learning platforms, conversation groups, and tutoring services. Get a free library card (available to all residents) and ask about their language learning resources.
Settlement.Org (Ontario): Provides information about English classes and other settlement services at https://settlement.org/.
Language Assessment for Immigration Purposes
If you need an official language test score for immigration purposes (such as applying for citizenship or for certain immigration programs), you will need to take a designated language test, not a LINC assessment.
For English: The accepted tests are CELPIP (Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program) and IELTS General Training (International English Language Testing System).
For French: The accepted test is TEF Canada (Test d'evaluation de francais) or TCF Canada (Test de connaissance du francais).
For Canadian citizenship, you need to demonstrate CLB 4 or higher in either English or French. For permanent residence through Express Entry, higher CLB scores significantly improve your Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score.
For language requirements related to immigration, visit https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements.html.
Conversation Circles and Informal Practice
Formal classes are important, but the fastest way to improve your language skills is to use the language in real situations every day. Here are practical ways to practice.
Conversation circles: Many libraries, settlement agencies, and community centres organize free conversation groups where newcomers can practice speaking English or French in a relaxed, informal setting. These are an excellent way to build confidence and make friends.
Volunteering: Volunteering at a local organization gives you regular opportunities to practice your language skills while gaining Canadian experience. See our guide on volunteering for newcomers.
Community events: Attend community events, town halls, or cultural festivals. These give you opportunities to interact with English or French speakers in natural settings.
Media immersion: Watch Canadian news, listen to Canadian radio, and read Canadian newspapers and websites. CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) offers content in both English and French at https://www.cbc.ca/ and https://ici.radio-canada.ca/.
Language exchange partners: Some programs match newcomers with native speakers who want to learn the newcomer's first language. You teach them your language, and they help you with English or French.
Tips for Language Learning Success
Attend classes consistently. Regular attendance is the most important factor in language learning progress. Try not to miss classes, even when you feel frustrated or tired.
Practice outside of class. Use English or French as much as possible in your daily life. Speak with neighbours, ask questions at stores, and read signs and menus. Every interaction is practice.
Do not be afraid to make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes when learning a new language. Canadians are generally patient and encouraging with newcomers who are learning the language.
Set realistic goals. Language learning takes time. Most newcomers need six months to a year of regular study and practice to reach a functional level of communication. Advanced professional language skills may take two to three years.
Use your phone. Change your phone's language settings to English or French. Use language learning apps during your commute. Listen to podcasts or audiobooks in your target language.
Ask for help. If you are struggling with language learning, speak with your LINC instructor or settlement worker. They can connect you with additional resources, tutoring, or alternative programs that may be a better fit.
For a comprehensive guide to language training and settlement services, visit https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/new-immigrants/new-life-canada.html.
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